Subordinated Debt financing (or sub debt) exists in between senior debt and equity, and therefore is “subordinated” to, or is second in “priority” to any senior debt (meaning the senior gets paid off first in the event of a liquidation) but sub debt does have priority in repayment versus equity.
Furthermore, sub debt is a highly customizable financing solution based on the strength of your business and can be structured to fit different types of security, repayment terms, and debt servicing capacities. Another significant benefit of sub debt is that it is dilution-free, so the company’s’ owner(s) keep all of the common stock, and endure none of the headaches of minority equity ownership.
A subset of sub debt, known as mezzanine debt, has both debt-like features and equity-like features, as it resides in between and has characteristics of both senior debt and equity. The debt-like features include an interest rate that must be paid in cash, or it can be deferred through a payment-in-kind (PIK) structure. The equity-like features allow the provider of the mezzanine debt to participate in the upside of the business, like equity owners, typically through equity warrants, either struck at a penny, or at the market (or anywhere in between, subject to negotiation) or the lenders can request common stock as a “kicker”, although warrants are more tax efficient.
The Senior Stretch loan is a type of hybrid loan structure that combines senior debt and subordinated debt into 1 package, typically at a lower average cost to the borrower than they would receive when obtaining a senior loan separate from a sub debt loan.
Combining the 2 loans into one also provides convenience and speed to for the borrower as there is only one lender with which to deal, as well as saves on legal fees. This type of loan is often utilized by middle market companies and other business acquirers to finance Leveraged Buyouts, or LBO’s.
Unitranche debt is very similar to Senior Stretch in that it combines senior debt and subordinated debt into one loan, which is governed by a single credit agreement versus a separate credit agreement for each lender, which can get very time consuming, frustrating, and costly.
There are generally 2 types of unitranche loans: Stretch and Bifurcated. Stretch is the regular way of combining senior and junior loans, and they remain together as one package. As for the latter, a bifurcated unitranche loans splits the loan into 2 distinct tranches, a first out or priority tranche, and a second out tranche.
Unitranche debt is typically used in institutional funding deals. It lets the borrower get funding from multiple parties, i.e., in syndications, which can result in both decreased costs from multiple issuers and facilitate a faster acquisition in a buyout.
As such, these 2 debt combination structures are both very efficient and quite cost-effective, and we wholly endorse these all-in-one solutions.
We at SubordinatedDebt.com have direct, knowledgeable relationships with hundreds of financial firms which engage in these types of lending, call us today and let us know how we can help!
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